1. what is faith's position in religion?
2. what is the benefit of action in religion?
I think it is easier to have a discussion on the second one, what is the benefit of action.
So, as a general statement I would say that action accomplishes things. Any society requires actions to sustain itself and a religious society thus also requires action.
The key question is does action provide for a uniquely religious experience. So beyond accomplishing things, what does action provide for?
A typical answer is that action conditions the body and heart/mind. Thus when we act according to religious values we condition our mind to those values. And presumably religion benefits from being mindful to religious values.
I heard a very different type of answer recently from Rabbi Zuriel. Action exhibits values. In this framework, each action exhibits a value, publicly promotes the communication of the value.
'Exhibit' and 'communicate' are very different than 'condition' and 'accomplish'
I like this new answer. Do you see the difference?
In this new world, religion is a communication from God, and actions are a form of communication, just like verbal/written Revelation.
Thus, I believe that when Rabbi Cardozo says I should limit my actions and thus increase my religiosity, he is interpreting religious actions as I presented in the first or second approaches. For him a religious action must accomplish something, either a change in a physical or mental state. For me it communicates. I guess you might want to say it accomplishes a communication, but I think there is a significant difference between actions and communications (sort of the anti-thesis to 'Speech Acts').
You are dividing the world of action into its internal effects and its external effects. These two sit in opposition to Chavos haLevavos which says thought is a source of religion, and itself a mitzvah.
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